III Simpósito de Zoologia Sistemática

New records and description of the microstructural patterns of guard hair in Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782) (Carnivora, Skunk) for the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

BAZILIO, S.; BASTIANI, E.; GOLEC, C. 2015. New records and description of the microstructural patterns of guard hair in Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782) (Carnivora, Skunk) for the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Biotemas  28(1):79-84. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2015v28n1p79

Abstract. This article aims to show new records of Conepatus chinga for the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil, contributing to increase knowledge on its distribution, besides describing the microstructural patterns of its guard hair. Three run-over specimens were found in highway BR-280, two of them in the town of Palmas, in Paraná, and one in the town of Abelardo Luz, in Santa Catarina. For describing the cuticular and medullary pattern of guard hairs, sixty slides were made. Conepatus chinga has a cross-sectional and undulated cuticular pattern and an anisocytic medullary pattern. The description of microstructural patterns of C. chinga makes it easier to conduct studies related to its ecology, increasing the chances to identify hairs found in fecal samples from carnivores in mastofauna studies.

Origin of the lumbosacral plexus in Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831) (Rodentia, Caviidae)

OLIVEIRA, G.B.; RODRIGUES, M.N.; SOUSA, R.S.; MOURA, C.E.B.; MIGLINO, M.A.; OLIVEIRA, M.F. 2014. Origin of the lumbosacral plexus in Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831) (Rodentia, Caviidae). Biotemas 27(4):107-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n4p107

Abstract. The yellow-toothed cavy is a rodent belonging to the Caviidae family that inhabits the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. We used 20 cavies that had died of natural causes, obtained from the Reproduction Center of Wild Animals (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA). The animals were ixed in aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde and, after 48 hours, they were dissected to visualize plexus. The topographic relations of the lumbosacral plexus were grouped into tables and then they underwent statistical analysis (chi-square test with Yates’ correction). The lumbosacral plexus stemmed from the ventral roots of the last 3 lumbar nerves and the irst 3 sacral nerves, corresponding to 65% of the animals under study (L5L6L7S1S2S3). These nerves stemmed from plexus: femoral, obturator, ischiatic, cranial gluteal, caudal gluteal, and pudendal.

Key words: Anatomy; Nerves; Nervous system; Rodent; Yellow-toothed cavy.

Spatial variation of mammal road kills in a restinga area in Espírito Santo State, southeast Brazil

FERREIRA, C.M.M.; RIBAS, A.C.A.; CASELLA, J.; MENDES, S.L. 2014. Spatial variation of mammal road kills in a restinga area in Espírito Santo State, southeast Brazil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 9(3):125-133. doi: 10.4013/nbc.2014.93.02

Abstract. Millions of wild animals die run over every year in Brazil. Various taxonomic groups are affected, including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. However, few studies have quantified and identified which animals are the most vulnerable. This work aims to describe the abundance, the species composition and the richness of mammal road kills over a road stretch, in southeast Brazil. It was also assessed if there is any difference in the number of road kills between the rainy and the dry seasons, and the spatial distribution of collisions along the highway. The road kills were recorded over four years and 10 months. A total of 258 individuals belonging to 22 species, 13 families and 7 orders were recorded. The most recorded species were Didelphis aurita, Cerdocyon thous and Procyon cancrivorus. There was no significant difference in the mortality of mammals between the rainy and the dry seasons. Three stretches, with 86, 32 and 31 records, had the highest numbers of road kills. In these places the highway borders or crosses conservation units and forest fragments that are not legally protected. The high number of road kills between km 40 and 50 is probably due to the existence of concrete barriers that separate highway strips.

Genomic ancestry of the American puma

CULVER, M.; JOHNSON, W.E.; PECON-SLATTERY, J.; O'BRIEN, S.J. 2000. Genomic ancestry of the American puma (Puma concolor). The Journal of Heredity 91(3):186-197.

Abstract. Puma concolor, a large American cat species, occupies the most extensive range of any New World terrestrial mammal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude from the Canadian Yukon to the Straits of Magellan. Until the recent Holocene, pumas co-existed with a diverse array of carnivores including the American lion (Panthera atrox), the North American cheetah (Myracynonyx trumani), and the saber toothed tiger (Smilodon fatalis). Genomic DNA specimens from 135 pumas of specified geographic origin (261 contemporany and 54 museum specimens) were collected for molecular genetic and phylogenetic analyses of three mitochrondrial gene sequences (16S rRNA, ATPase-8, and NADH-5) plus composite microsatellite genotypes (10 feline loci). Six phylogeographic groupings or subspecies were resolved, and the entire North American population (186 individuals from 15 previously named subspecies) was genetically homogeneous in overall variation relative to central and South American populations. The marked uniformity of mtDNA and a reduction in microsatellite allele size expansion indicates that North American pumas derive from a recent (late Pleistocene circa 10,000 years ago) replacement and recolonization by a small number of founders who themselves originated from a centrum of puma genetic diversity in eastern South America 200,000-300,000 years ago. The recolonization of North American pumas was coincident with a massive late Pleistocene extinction event that eliminated 80% of large vertebrates in North America and may have extirpated pumas from that continent as well.

First record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera; Phyllostomidae)

FALCÃO, F.C. 2014. First record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera; Phyllostomidae). Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1234-1236.

Abstract. Albinism is a phenomenon present in many vertebrate species, and can be defined as the absence of normal pigmentation of an organism. In bats, complete albinism is considered a rare phenomenon, and its occurrence was recorded for less than 4% of all existing bat species. On 6 September 2012, an individual of Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured in Igaporã, Bahia, and it had all characteristics of complete albinism, lacking normal pigmentation over the entire body surface, including the iris. The purpose of this paper is to report the first record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata and thereby increase the number of species recorded with such anomalies; in addition to contributing to the understanding of this pigmentation disorder.

First record of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis (Miller, 1902) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Guatemala

TRUJILLO, L.A.; BARAHONA, R. 2014. First record of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis (Miller, 1902) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Guatemala. Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1252-1254.

Abstract. The aim of this communication is to report the first documented case of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis from Guatemala. The bat was captured in Laguna del Tigre National Park, Petén, in northern Guatemala, while we were conducting a bat sampling in the area. Leucism is a condition rarely observed in nature, which is characterized by the partial or total depigmentation of fur; in this case the specimen is distinguished by a depigmentation in the ventral side of the body.

VII CBMz - Livro de Resumos

Hoje, ao invés de um novo artigo, disponibilizo o livro de resumos do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Mastozoologia para download gratuito. Por motivos óbvios não há abstract (já que são vários trabalhos).

Three new bat species in the state of Oaxaca

SANTOS-MORENO, A.; SIPRIANO, L.G. 2014. Three new bat species in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1226-1229.

Abstract. The state of Oaxaca, in southeastern Mexico, is one of the regions with the highest species richness in the country, comparable even with that of some Central American countries. Over the course of a study on the region known as Los Chimalapas, in the southeastern portion of the state of Oaxaca, we recorded the presence of three new species for the state: two New World leaf-nosed bats (Phylloderma stenops and Micronycteris schmidtorum) and one vesper bat (Myotis albescens). The localities of these registersrepresent the northeastern extreme of the geographic distribution of the last two species. The three species included in the present work bring the number of terrestrial mammalian wildlife species in Oaxaca to 209, and the number of bat species to 93.

The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide realiable species-level phylogenies

AGNARSSON, I.; MAY-COLLADO, L.J. 2008. The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide realiable species-level phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:964-985.

Abstract. We perform Bayesian phylogenetic analyses on cytochrome b sequences from 264 of the 290 extant cetartiodactyl mammals (whales plus even-toed ungulates) and two recently extinct species, the "Mouse Goad" and the "Irish Elk". Previous primary analyses have included only a small portion of the species diversity within Cetartiodactyla, while a complete supertree analysis lacks resolution and branch lenghts limiting its utility for comparative studies. The benefits of using a single-gene approach include rapid phylogenetic estimates for a large number of species. However, single-gene phylogenies often differ dramatically from studies involving multiple datasets suggesting that they often are unrealiable. However, based on recovery of banchmark clades - clades supported in prior studies based on multiple independent datasets - and recovery of undisputed traditional taxonomic groups, Cytb performs extraordinarily well in resolving cetartiodactyl phylogeny when taxon sampling is dense. Missing data, however, (taxa with partial sequences) can compromise phylogenetic accuracy, suggesting a tradeoff between the benefits of adding taxa and introducing question marks. In the full data, a fez species with a short sequences appear misplaced, however, sequence lenght alone seems a poor predictor of this phenomenon as other taxa with equally short sequences were not conspicuously misplaced. Although we recommend awaiting a better supported phylogenetic hypotheses provided here represent the currently best available tool for comparative species-level studies within this group. Cytb has been sequenced for a large percentage of mammals and appears to be a reliable phylogenetic marker as long as taxon sampling is dense. Therefore, an opportunity exists now to reconstruct detailed phylogenies of most of the major mammalian clades to rapidly provide much needed tools for species-level comparative studies.

Napoleon Bonaparte and the fate of an Amazonian rat: new data on the taxonomy of Mesomys hispidus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

ORLANDO, L.; MAUFFREY, J.-F.; CUISIN, J.; PATTON, J.L.; HÄNNI, C.; CATZEFLIS, F. 2003. Napoleon Bonaparte and the fate of an Amazonian rat: new data on the taxonomy of Mesomys hispidus (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27:113-120.

Abstract. The spiny rat Mesomys hispidus is one of many South American rodents that lack adequate taxonomic definition. The few sampled populations of this broadly distribuuted trans-Amazonian arboreal rat have come from widely separated regions and are typically highly divergent. The holotype was described in 1817 by A.-G. Desmarest, after Napoleon's army brought it to Paris following the plunder of Lisbon in 1808; however, the locality of origin has remained unknown. Here we examine the taxonomic status of this species by direct comparison of 50 extant individuals with the holotype at the morphometric and genetic levels, the latter based on 331 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene retrieved from a small skin fragment of the holotype with ancient DNA technology. Extensive sequence divergence is present among samples of M. hispidus collected from throughout its range, from French Guiana across Amazonia to Bolivia and Peru, with at least seven mitochondrial clades recognized (average divergence of 7.7% Kimura 2-parameter distance). Sequence from the holotype is, however, only weakly divergent from those of recent samples from French Guiana. Moreover, the holotype clusters with greater that 99% posterior probability with samples from this part of Amazonia in a discriminant analysis based on 22 cranial and dental measurements. Thus, we suggest that the holotype was originally obtained in eastern Amazonia north of the Amazon River, most likely in the Brazilian state of Amapá. Despite the high level of sequence diversity and marked morphological differences in size across the range of M. hispidus, we continue to regard this assemblage as a single species until additional samples and analyses suggest otherwise.

The molecular phylogenetics of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys, Rodentia: Octodontidae) suggests an early burst of speciation

LESSA, E.P.; COOK, J.A. 1998. The molecular phylogenetics of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys, Rodentia: Octodontidae) suggests an early burst of speciation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(1):88-99.

Abstract. Variation in the nucleotide sequence of the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) was examined for 27 individuals representing 13 species of South American rodents of the genera Ctenomys, Octodontomys, Tympanoctomys, and Spalacopus. Representatives of the family Echimyidae, Euryzygomatomys and Mesomys, were used as outgroups to test the monophyly of the Octodontinae and Ctenomyinae. Relationships among species of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys) were also exmined including representatives of the three described subgenera and the two sperm morphs. Reciprocal monophyly of the Octodontinae and Ctenomyinae is strongly supported. Several basal relationships among species of the genus Ctenomys are poorly resolved, suggesting the possibility of a hard polytomy due to a rapid and potentially simultaneous radiation early in the history of the genus. In other cases, clades within the Ctenomyinae previously identified on the basis of allozymes, chromosomes, parasites, or skull morphology were supported. Calibrations based on the fossil record suggest that the mitochondrial cytochrome b of these caviomorphs has evolved at a rapid rate, comparable to those proposed for Mus-Rattus, and three to four times higher than ungulate rates.

A new species of Leaf-eared Mouse, genus Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from northern Peru

PACHECO, V.; RENGIFO, E.M.; VIVAS, D. 2014. A new species of Leaf-eared Mouse, genus Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from northern Peru. THERYA 5(2):481-508. doi: 10.12933/therya-14-185

Abstract.
Introduction: Leaf-eared mice, Phyllotis comprise a highly species-rich genus distributed in the Andes of South America from sea level to 5,500 m. This genus includes 15 species in three groups: andium/amicus, osilae, and darwini groups (sensu Steppan et al. 2007). We describe a new species of rodent of the genus Phyllotis from the northern Peruvian Andes, which has been mentioned in the literature as Phyllotis sp. nov. 1 or Phyllotis sp. and placed, in the context of a molecular phylogeny of Phyllotis, as member of the P. andium/amicus group (Steppan et al. 2007). We also report the standard karyotype of this species and comment on its natural history. We further identify an area of endemism in the northwestern Andes of Peru, where the new species and other sigmodontines coincide in patterns of distribution.
Methodology: The new species was in detail compared with other species of Phyllotis, mainly those of the andium/amicus group. Four external and 20 cranial and dental measurements from adult specimens were employed in descriptive statistics. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated in Phyllotis nov. sp. and P. andium using the t test. Then, to compare the new species with P. andium, all cranial and dental measurements were used in principal component analyses (PCA) of the covariance matrix of log-transformed measurements. Chromosome preparations were obtained from bone marrow, following Ford and Hamerton (1956).
Results: Phyllotis nov. sp. is distinguished from all other congeneric species by the combination of a relatively short tail and distinctive cranial morphology, including an comparatively long incisive foramen, a long palate that extends posteriorly beyond M3, mesopterygoid fossa without medial process, squamosal ridge relatively pronounced, ectotympanic large and easily visible from dorsal view, and capsular process inconspicuous or absent. The biplots of PCA show two clearly separated groups, one shaped by specimens of the new species and the other by P. andium; the new species is located mainly on the positive side of the first axis whereas P. andium on the negative side. The diploid number (2n) is 48 and the autosomal fundamental number (FN) is 72.
Discussion and conclusions: The new species of Phyllotis is endemic to the Puna ecoregion of northern Peru. This discovery supports the hypothesis of a generalized biogeographical subdivision in the Puna of northwestern Peru where the ranges of several sigmodontine species coincide in an area limited by the Río Santa, the Río Marañón, and the Huancabamba depression. Based on the presence of numerous crocentric chromosomes and the available molecular data we propose a restricted andium group to include P. andium, P. definitus, and the new species. We also summarize available data on natural history, habitat preferences, reproduction, and the systematic position of this species. The species may be threatened due to its restricted distribution, the relatively high anthropic activity in the region, and its absence in any protected area.

Tafonomía de restos de micromamíferos recuperados del sitio arqueológico Agua de La Mula (Mendoza, Argentina) y su implicancia en la subsistencia humana

FERNÁNDEZ, F.J.; DE SANTIS, L.J.M. 2013. Tafonomía de restos de micromamíferos recuperados del sitio arqueológico Agua de La Mula (Mendoza, Argentina) y su implicancia en la subsistencia humana. Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano - Series Especiales 1(1):181-195.

Abstract. Micromammal remains from the archaeological sequence of Agua de La Mula (35º22'24,9''S, 68º15'04,2''W, south-central Mendoza, Argentina) are taphonomically studied. The remains (NISP=1026, MNE=1,026, MNI=491) were recovered from the Late Holocene layers (1,600-1,000 years C14 BP). The micromammal assemblages are composed by 10 taxa of rodents, one chiropteran and two marsupials, associated to transitional mosaic of Patagonian steppe and Monte desert environments. The absence of cut marks and the presence of few burned remains recovered from the site would indicate no human consumption. Moreover, the presence of pellets preserved in stratigraphy and light digestive corrosion on some teeth, indicate that the main accumulator agents were probably avian strigiforms. The absence of weathering, rodent marks, hydraulic transport, root action, and diagenesis, suggest a good preservation and a rapid incorporation of the material in the stratigraphic context. However, trampling, sedimentary corrosion and manganese oxide evidences were seen on the micromammal remains, indicating some episodes of humidity inside the cave. Finally, this information provided here would help us to explain the scope of the resource intensification process, proposed for the region in previous researches. In this sense, possibly this process could not have been so pronounced for that hunter-gatherers exploit the micromammals.

Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification

MEREDITH, R.W.; JANEčKA, J.E.; GATESY, J.; RYDER, O.A.; FISCHER, C.A.; TEELING, E.C.; GOODBLA, A.; EIZIRIK, E.; SIMÃO, T.L.L.; STADLER, T.; RABOSKY, D.L.; HONEYCUTT, R.L.; John J. FLYNN, J.J.; INGRAM, C.M.; STEINER, C.; WILLIAMS, T.L.; ROBINSON, T.J.; BURK-HERRICK, A.; WESTERMAN, M.; AYOUB, N.A.; SPRINGER, M.S.; William J. MURPHY, W.J. 2011. Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science 28(334):521-524.

Abstract. Previous analyses of relations, divergence times, and diversification patterns among extant mammalian families have relied on supertree methods and local molecular clocks. We constructed a molecular supermatrix for mammalian families and analyzed these data with likelihood-based methods and relaxed molecular clocks. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in a robust phylogeny with better resolution than phylogenies from supertree methods. Relaxed clock analyses support the long-fuse model of diversification and highlight the importance of including multiple fossil calibrations that are spread across the tree. Molecular time trees and diversification analyses suggest important roles for the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted interordinal and intraordinal diversification, respectively. By contrast, diversification analyses provide no support for the hypothesis concerning the delayed rise of present-day mammals during the Eocene Period.

First records of the southern naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous unicinctus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) in Paraguay

SMITH, P.; OWEN, R.D.; ATKINSON, K.; CASTILLO, H.; NORTHCOTE-SMITH, E. 2011. First records of the southern naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous unicinctus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) in Paraguay. Edentata 12:53-57.

Abstract. The first specimens of southern naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous unicinctus squamicaudis from Paraguay are documented, extending the know distribution of the species approximately 270 km south-southwestward in the cerrado eco-region. This is the 12th spcies of armadillo documented as present in Paraguay. Paraguay is the only country with three representatives of the genus Cabassous occurring within its borders.

Journals: Zoologia

Zoologia

- Abreviatura: Zoologia.

- Home Page: http://www.sbzoologia.org.br/categoria.php?idcategoria1=34

- Qualis CAPES: B1 (Biodiversidade), B4 (Ciências Biológicas I, II e III).

- Taxa de Publicação: Sim.

- Idiomas: Inglês.

- Disponibilidade: Restrito.

- Submissão: Online, pelo sistema ScholarOne Manuscripts, com acesso na home page.

Zoologia é um periódico internacional de pesquisa zoológica que é publicado bimensalmente pela Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia. Publicações originais por cientistas e pesquisadores do Brasil e do exterior em várias áreas das ciências zoológicas são aceitos, como: sistemática, evolução, taxonomia, nomenclatura, biogeografia, morfologia, fisiologia, biologia, ecologia, simbiose, conservação, comportamento, genética, zoologia aplicada, aquacultura, e áreas similares. Extensivas revisões ou artigos sobre tópicos correntes em zoologia serão publicados por convite na seção “Invited Review”.

A priori, os seguintes tipos de artigos não são aceitos para publicação: notas de simples de ocorrência, novos registros (e.g. geográfica, hospedeiro), notas na distribuição, estudos de caso, listas de espécies, ou apenas estudos descritivos, a menos que sejam muito bem qualificados pelos autores. Justificativas devem ser enviadas ao Editor-Chefe antes da submissão. Comunicações curtas são aceitas.

O periódico Zoologia foi publicado, até 2009, sob o título de Revista Brasileira de Zoologia.

XXX CBZ - Prorrogações

A organização do XXX Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia divulgou que as datas limites das inscrições com presos da primeira fase e a submissão de Resumos foram prorrogadas para 10 de outubro. Aproveitem.

The pampas cat group (genus Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858) (Carnivora: Felidae), a systematic and biogeographic review

GARCIA-PEREA, R. 1994. The pampas cat group (genus Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858) (Carnivora: Felidae), a systematic and biogeographic review. American Museum Novitates 3096:1-36.

Abstract. A systematic study of 86 specimens of South American cats formerly known as Felis colocolo reveals three species, in addition to a new subspecies described herein. The three species are grouped in the genus Lynchailurus on the basis of shared character states. Lynchailurus pajeros occurs on high-elevation steppes from Ecuador to Bolivia and Argentina (eastern slope of the Andes), and farther south in Argentina into lowland steppe, shrubland, and dry forest habitats. Its southern limit is Patagonia (Argentinean and Chilean). Lynchailurus braccatus is found in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, where it occupies humid and warmer grassland and forested areas, at moderate elevations. Lynchailurus colocolo occurs in subtropical forests at middle elevations in central Chile, and in high-elevation steppes in northern Chile on the western slope of the Andes. The latter species may be endangered, because its distribution is limited. Assigned subspecies are as follows: L. pajeros budini and L. p. crespoi, in northwestern Argentina; L. p. crucinus, in southern Argentina and Chile; L. p. garleppi, in Peru; L. p. pajeros, in central Argentina; L. p. steinbachi, in Bolivia; L. p. thomasi, from Ecuador; L. braccatus braccatus, in southwestern Brazil and Paraguay; L. b. munoai, in Uruguay and southern Brazil; L. colocolo colocolo, in central Chile; and L. c. wolffsohni (new subspecies), in northern Chile.

XXX Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia

Entre os dias 04 e 07 de fevereiro de 2014 ocorrerá, no Centro de Eventos da PUCRS em Porto Alegre, o XXX Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia. O prazo para a proposição de minicursos e simpósios foi prorrogada a até 15 de maio de 2013. Os interessados devem visitar o site www.sbzoologia.org.br.