FALCÃO, F.C. 2014. First record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera; Phyllostomidae). Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1234-1236.
Abstract. Albinism is a phenomenon present in many vertebrate species, and can be defined as the absence of normal pigmentation of an organism. In bats, complete albinism is considered a rare phenomenon, and its occurrence was recorded for less than 4% of all existing bat species. On 6 September 2012, an individual of Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured in Igaporã, Bahia, and it had all characteristics of complete albinism, lacking normal pigmentation over the entire body surface, including the iris. The purpose of this paper is to report the first record of complete albinism in Carollia perspicillata and thereby increase the number of species recorded with such anomalies; in addition to contributing to the understanding of this pigmentation disorder.
sábado, 27 de dezembro de 2014
quarta-feira, 24 de dezembro de 2014
Concurso para o Logotipo do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Mastozoologia
A organização do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Mastozoologia em conjunto com a diretoria da SBMz criou um concurso para escolher o logotipo do próximo CBMz, que ocorrerá em setembro de 2015 em João Pessoa.
Neste concurso poderão concorrer sócios adimplentes em 2014 e/ou 2015, que deverão enviar uma proposta de logotipo que represente os 30 anos da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia. Atendendo a pedidos, o prazo foi prorrogado para 9 de janeiro de 2015. Para participar é só enviar o logotipo para: sbmz.diretoria@gmail.com.
O idealizador do logotipo vencedor receberá como prêmio a inscrição integral para o congresso.
sábado, 20 de dezembro de 2014
Coexistence of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos
SCOGNAMILLO, D.; MAXIT, I.E.; SUNQUIST, M.; POLISAR, J. 2003. Coexistence of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos. Journal of Zoology, London 259:269-279.
Abstract. Jaguar Panthera onca and puma Puma concolor are sympatric throughout the jaguar’s distribution. Although several studies have focused on the interactions between these two predators, the ecological and behavioural factors that promote their coexistence remain unclear. The goal of this study was to identify those factors that facilitate the coexistence of these cats in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos. The study was conducted from January 1996 until November 1998. Five jaguars and six pumas were captured and radio-collared. A high degree of spatial overlap was observed between jaguars and pumas, which may be related to the abundance and distribution of prey species. At a fine scale, there was little overlap of puma locations with jaguar locations. Both species were more active at night than during daytime, but seasonal differences were detected in the activity levels of these predators. Major segregation was found in food habits. Jaguars selected for large prey and pumas for medium-sized prey. Jaguars selected for capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and collared peccary Tayassu tajacu and consumed caiman Caiman crocodilus and white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus less than expected. Pumas selected just for collared peccary and also killed caiman less than expected. It is suggested that the abundance of medium-sized prey is an ecological factor that is facilitating the coexistence of jaguar and puma in the study area. Habitat heterogeneity may be another influential factor leading to the coexistence. Seasonal differences in activity levels probably reflect differences in the size and species of prey taken by these cats.
Abstract. Jaguar Panthera onca and puma Puma concolor are sympatric throughout the jaguar’s distribution. Although several studies have focused on the interactions between these two predators, the ecological and behavioural factors that promote their coexistence remain unclear. The goal of this study was to identify those factors that facilitate the coexistence of these cats in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos. The study was conducted from January 1996 until November 1998. Five jaguars and six pumas were captured and radio-collared. A high degree of spatial overlap was observed between jaguars and pumas, which may be related to the abundance and distribution of prey species. At a fine scale, there was little overlap of puma locations with jaguar locations. Both species were more active at night than during daytime, but seasonal differences were detected in the activity levels of these predators. Major segregation was found in food habits. Jaguars selected for large prey and pumas for medium-sized prey. Jaguars selected for capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and collared peccary Tayassu tajacu and consumed caiman Caiman crocodilus and white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus less than expected. Pumas selected just for collared peccary and also killed caiman less than expected. It is suggested that the abundance of medium-sized prey is an ecological factor that is facilitating the coexistence of jaguar and puma in the study area. Habitat heterogeneity may be another influential factor leading to the coexistence. Seasonal differences in activity levels probably reflect differences in the size and species of prey taken by these cats.
segunda-feira, 15 de dezembro de 2014
Journal: Evolutionary Ecology
Evolutionary Ecology
-
Abreviatura: Evol. Ecol.
- Home Page: http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/10682
- Qualis
CAPES: A2 (Biodiversidade), B1 (Ciências Biológicas I).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Nenhuma.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrito. A maioria dos artigos é de acesso
restrito e pago.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema Editorial Manager, com acesso na home
page.
Evolutionary
Ecology é um conceituado periódico orientado de biologia básico na
interface entre ecologia e evolução. O periódico publica artigos de pesquisas
originais, revisões e artigos de discussão que tratam da ecologia evolutiva em
um sentido amplo, incluindo aspectos aspectos evolucionários da ecologia
comportamental e de populações. O principal objetivo do periódico é promover o
desenvolvimento conceitual, teórico e empírico de ecologia e biologia
evolutiva. O escopo do periódico inclui todos os organismos e sistemas e não é,
portanto, tendencioso em relação a táxon e bioma.
sábado, 13 de dezembro de 2014
Diet of margay, Leopardus wiedii, and jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi, (Carnivora: Felidae) in Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil
BIANCHI, R.C.; ROSA, A.F.; GATTI, A.; MENDES, S.L. 2011. Diet of margay, Leopardus wiedii, and jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi, (Carnivora: Felidae) in Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. Zoologia 28(1):127-132. doi: 10.1590/S1984-46702011000100018.
Abstract. This study identifies the food habits of the margay, Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821), and the jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilare, 1803), in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve and in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil. We determined the diet of both species by the analysis of scats. Fecal samples were collected from April 1995 to September 2000 and identified based on the presence of hairs that were ingested during self-grooming. Scats were oven-dried and washed on a sieve, and the screened material was identified using a reference collection. Of the 59 fecal samples examined, 30 were confirmed to be from the margay and nine of them from the jaguarundi. Mammals were the most consumed items in the diet of the margay, occurring in 77% of the fecal samples, followed by birds (53%) and reptiles (20%). Among the mammals consumed, marsupials (Didelphimorphia) were the most common item (66%). In the diet of the jaguarundi, birds were the most consumed items and occurred in 55% of the fecal samples; mammals and reptiles occurred in 41% and in 17% of the fecal samples, respectively. From this work we conclude that the margay and jaguarundi fed mainly upon small vertebrates in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve and in the Sooretama Biological Reserve. Although sample sizes are therefore insufficient for quantitative comparisons, margays prey more frequently upon arboricolous mammals than jaguarundis, which in turn prey more frequently upon birds and reptiles than margays. This seems to reflect a larger pattern throughout their geographic range.
Abstract. This study identifies the food habits of the margay, Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821), and the jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilare, 1803), in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve and in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil. We determined the diet of both species by the analysis of scats. Fecal samples were collected from April 1995 to September 2000 and identified based on the presence of hairs that were ingested during self-grooming. Scats were oven-dried and washed on a sieve, and the screened material was identified using a reference collection. Of the 59 fecal samples examined, 30 were confirmed to be from the margay and nine of them from the jaguarundi. Mammals were the most consumed items in the diet of the margay, occurring in 77% of the fecal samples, followed by birds (53%) and reptiles (20%). Among the mammals consumed, marsupials (Didelphimorphia) were the most common item (66%). In the diet of the jaguarundi, birds were the most consumed items and occurred in 55% of the fecal samples; mammals and reptiles occurred in 41% and in 17% of the fecal samples, respectively. From this work we conclude that the margay and jaguarundi fed mainly upon small vertebrates in the Vale do Rio Doce Natural Reserve and in the Sooretama Biological Reserve. Although sample sizes are therefore insufficient for quantitative comparisons, margays prey more frequently upon arboricolous mammals than jaguarundis, which in turn prey more frequently upon birds and reptiles than margays. This seems to reflect a larger pattern throughout their geographic range.
sábado, 6 de dezembro de 2014
First record of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis (Miller, 1902) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Guatemala
TRUJILLO, L.A.; BARAHONA, R. 2014. First record of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis (Miller, 1902) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Guatemala. Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1252-1254.
Abstract. The aim of this communication is to report the first documented case of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis from Guatemala. The bat was captured in Laguna del Tigre National Park, Petén, in northern Guatemala, while we were conducting a bat sampling in the area. Leucism is a condition rarely observed in nature, which is characterized by the partial or total depigmentation of fur; in this case the specimen is distinguished by a depigmentation in the ventral side of the body.
Abstract. The aim of this communication is to report the first documented case of leucism in Artibeus phaeotis from Guatemala. The bat was captured in Laguna del Tigre National Park, Petén, in northern Guatemala, while we were conducting a bat sampling in the area. Leucism is a condition rarely observed in nature, which is characterized by the partial or total depigmentation of fur; in this case the specimen is distinguished by a depigmentation in the ventral side of the body.
segunda-feira, 1 de dezembro de 2014
Journals: Oecologia
Oecologia
-
Abreviatura: Oecologia.
- Qualis
CAPES: A1 (Biodiversidade), A2 (Ciências Biológicas I), B1
(Ciências Biológicas III).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Nenhuma.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrito. A maioria dos artigos é de acesso
restrito e pago.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema ScholarOne Manuscripts, com acesso na
home page.
Oecologia
publica pesquisas ecológicas inovadoras de interesse geral a um amplo público
internacional. O periódico publica vários tipos de manuscritos em muitas áreas
de ecologia, buscando revisões, avanços em metodologia, e contribuições
originais, com ênfase nas seguintes áreas: ecologia de populações, interações
animal-planta, ecologia de ecossistemas, ecologia de comunidades, ecologia de
mudanças globais, ecologia da conservação, ecologia comportamental, ecologia
fisiológica. Em geral, estudos que sejam meramente descritos, matemáticos, documentários,
e/ou de história natural não serão considerados.
sábado, 29 de novembro de 2014
VII CBMz - Livro de Resumos
Hoje, ao invés de um novo artigo, disponibilizo o livro de resumos do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Mastozoologia para download gratuito. Por motivos óbvios não há abstract (já que são vários trabalhos).
sexta-feira, 28 de novembro de 2014
sábado, 22 de novembro de 2014
Three new bat species in the state of Oaxaca
SANTOS-MORENO, A.; SIPRIANO, L.G. 2014. Three new bat species in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1226-1229.
Abstract. The state of Oaxaca, in southeastern Mexico, is one of the regions with the highest species richness in the country, comparable even with that of some Central American countries. Over the course of a study on the region known as Los Chimalapas, in the southeastern portion of the state of Oaxaca, we recorded the presence of three new species for the state: two New World leaf-nosed bats (Phylloderma stenops and Micronycteris schmidtorum) and one vesper bat (Myotis albescens). The localities of these registersrepresent the northeastern extreme of the geographic distribution of the last two species. The three species included in the present work bring the number of terrestrial mammalian wildlife species in Oaxaca to 209, and the number of bat species to 93.
Abstract. The state of Oaxaca, in southeastern Mexico, is one of the regions with the highest species richness in the country, comparable even with that of some Central American countries. Over the course of a study on the region known as Los Chimalapas, in the southeastern portion of the state of Oaxaca, we recorded the presence of three new species for the state: two New World leaf-nosed bats (Phylloderma stenops and Micronycteris schmidtorum) and one vesper bat (Myotis albescens). The localities of these registersrepresent the northeastern extreme of the geographic distribution of the last two species. The three species included in the present work bring the number of terrestrial mammalian wildlife species in Oaxaca to 209, and the number of bat species to 93.
sábado, 15 de novembro de 2014
The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide realiable species-level phylogenies
AGNARSSON, I.; MAY-COLLADO, L.J. 2008. The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide realiable species-level phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:964-985.
Abstract. We perform Bayesian phylogenetic analyses on cytochrome b sequences from 264 of the 290 extant cetartiodactyl mammals (whales plus even-toed ungulates) and two recently extinct species, the "Mouse Goad" and the "Irish Elk". Previous primary analyses have included only a small portion of the species diversity within Cetartiodactyla, while a complete supertree analysis lacks resolution and branch lenghts limiting its utility for comparative studies. The benefits of using a single-gene approach include rapid phylogenetic estimates for a large number of species. However, single-gene phylogenies often differ dramatically from studies involving multiple datasets suggesting that they often are unrealiable. However, based on recovery of banchmark clades - clades supported in prior studies based on multiple independent datasets - and recovery of undisputed traditional taxonomic groups, Cytb performs extraordinarily well in resolving cetartiodactyl phylogeny when taxon sampling is dense. Missing data, however, (taxa with partial sequences) can compromise phylogenetic accuracy, suggesting a tradeoff between the benefits of adding taxa and introducing question marks. In the full data, a fez species with a short sequences appear misplaced, however, sequence lenght alone seems a poor predictor of this phenomenon as other taxa with equally short sequences were not conspicuously misplaced. Although we recommend awaiting a better supported phylogenetic hypotheses provided here represent the currently best available tool for comparative species-level studies within this group. Cytb has been sequenced for a large percentage of mammals and appears to be a reliable phylogenetic marker as long as taxon sampling is dense. Therefore, an opportunity exists now to reconstruct detailed phylogenies of most of the major mammalian clades to rapidly provide much needed tools for species-level comparative studies.
Abstract. We perform Bayesian phylogenetic analyses on cytochrome b sequences from 264 of the 290 extant cetartiodactyl mammals (whales plus even-toed ungulates) and two recently extinct species, the "Mouse Goad" and the "Irish Elk". Previous primary analyses have included only a small portion of the species diversity within Cetartiodactyla, while a complete supertree analysis lacks resolution and branch lenghts limiting its utility for comparative studies. The benefits of using a single-gene approach include rapid phylogenetic estimates for a large number of species. However, single-gene phylogenies often differ dramatically from studies involving multiple datasets suggesting that they often are unrealiable. However, based on recovery of banchmark clades - clades supported in prior studies based on multiple independent datasets - and recovery of undisputed traditional taxonomic groups, Cytb performs extraordinarily well in resolving cetartiodactyl phylogeny when taxon sampling is dense. Missing data, however, (taxa with partial sequences) can compromise phylogenetic accuracy, suggesting a tradeoff between the benefits of adding taxa and introducing question marks. In the full data, a fez species with a short sequences appear misplaced, however, sequence lenght alone seems a poor predictor of this phenomenon as other taxa with equally short sequences were not conspicuously misplaced. Although we recommend awaiting a better supported phylogenetic hypotheses provided here represent the currently best available tool for comparative species-level studies within this group. Cytb has been sequenced for a large percentage of mammals and appears to be a reliable phylogenetic marker as long as taxon sampling is dense. Therefore, an opportunity exists now to reconstruct detailed phylogenies of most of the major mammalian clades to rapidly provide much needed tools for species-level comparative studies.
quarta-feira, 12 de novembro de 2014
Workshop em Sistemática Filogenética 2015
Estão abertas as inscrições para o Workshop em Sistemática Filogenética 2015, a ser realizado entre os dias 23 e 27 de fevereiro de 2015 na UNESP, campus de São Hosé do Rio Preto (SP). O idioma do Workshop é o Inglês, e as vagas são limitadas, até o dia 15 de dezembro de 2014. Os interessados podem obter mais informações pelo e-mail: workshopsistematica@gmail.com.
sábado, 8 de novembro de 2014
The application of Bergmann's Rule to Carollia perspicillata Linnaeus 1758 (Mammali, Chiroptera)
BARROS, L.A.V.; FORTES, R.R.; LORINI, M.L. 2014. The application of Bergmann's Rule to Carollia perspicillata Linnaeus 1758 (Mammali, Chiroptera). Chiroptera Neotropical 20(1):1243-1251.
Abstract. Bergmann’s Rule describes the association between body size of species and latitude. The proposed mechanism to explain the pattern would be the lowest surface/volume ratio found in large animals, which should result in an energy advantage in cold environments. The present study tested to what extent this pattern can be applied in bat populations of Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758). We used secondary data, taken from the collection of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and raw data provided by researchers, covering a latitude gradient ranging from 23º03' S to 0º10' N, at altitudes ranging from 10 to 1093m above sea level. Climatological data were obtained from the website of Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Body size analyses were based on mean and maximum length of forearm and body mass, and carried out through latitude, altitude and temperature gradients. A total of 488 adult specimens were analyzed, summarizing data for 23 localities. Body size variables showed a decrease toward higher latitudes and higher altitudes, and an increase in relation to increasing temperature. The results partially follow an inverse trend of the original proposal, called Bergmann’s Rule "converse". Bats’s wings are highly vascularized naked membranes, making their surface/volume ratio higher than that of other animals of similar size; thus a large body size would in fact result in bigger ratios and greater heat loss. The low values of all explicability indexes (R²) and linear coefficients (β) suggest that geographical variation in a species’ morphology cannot be only explained on the basis of latitudinal clines.
Abstract. Bergmann’s Rule describes the association between body size of species and latitude. The proposed mechanism to explain the pattern would be the lowest surface/volume ratio found in large animals, which should result in an energy advantage in cold environments. The present study tested to what extent this pattern can be applied in bat populations of Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758). We used secondary data, taken from the collection of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and raw data provided by researchers, covering a latitude gradient ranging from 23º03' S to 0º10' N, at altitudes ranging from 10 to 1093m above sea level. Climatological data were obtained from the website of Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Body size analyses were based on mean and maximum length of forearm and body mass, and carried out through latitude, altitude and temperature gradients. A total of 488 adult specimens were analyzed, summarizing data for 23 localities. Body size variables showed a decrease toward higher latitudes and higher altitudes, and an increase in relation to increasing temperature. The results partially follow an inverse trend of the original proposal, called Bergmann’s Rule "converse". Bats’s wings are highly vascularized naked membranes, making their surface/volume ratio higher than that of other animals of similar size; thus a large body size would in fact result in bigger ratios and greater heat loss. The low values of all explicability indexes (R²) and linear coefficients (β) suggest that geographical variation in a species’ morphology cannot be only explained on the basis of latitudinal clines.
sábado, 1 de novembro de 2014
Journals: Cladistics
Cladistics
-
Abreviatura: Cladistics.
-
Qualis CAPES: A1 (Ciências Biológicas I), A2
(Biodiversidade).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Nenhuma.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrito. Apenas os artigos do fascículo
corrente são disponibilizados.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema ScholarOne Manuscripts, com acesso
na home page.
Cladistics
publica artigos de pesquisa de alta qualidade em sistemática, encorajando
debates em todos os aspectos deste campo, da filosofia, teoria e metodologia ao
estudo empírico e aplicações em biogeografia, co-evolução, biologia da
conservação ontogenia, genômica e paleontologia.
Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em uma pequena reserva de Cerrado em Mato Grosso, Brasil
ROCHA, E.C.; DALPONTE, J.C. 2006. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em uma pequena reserva de Cerrado em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Revista Árvore 30(4):669-678.
Abstract. This study was carried out at the "Mario Viana" Municipal Biological Reserve in Nova Xavantina, MT, aiming to make an inventory and evaluate the abundance and diversity of terrestrial mammals of medium and large size. Thus, two monthly visits were made to a 2.820 m long transect throughout 2001 to acess tracking and other evidences of mammals. Twenty-nine species were recorded in the study area, with 22 in the transect and two individual tracking sequences being quantified for calculation of Shannon-Wiener (H') abundance and diversity indices. According to the abundance indices, the species were classified as rare, common and abundant. Among other species, onça-parda (Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)) and tatu-canastra (Priodontes maximus (Keer, 1792) were classified as rare; jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)) and tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) as common; and cutia (Dasyprocta azarae (Lichtenstein, 1823)) and tapetí (Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758)) as abundant species. The H' index found was 2.40, which was considered significant. This work shows that despite being small (470 ha), the area studied plays an important role in the preservation of the mammalian fauna in the region of Nova Xavantina, MT.
Abstract. This study was carried out at the "Mario Viana" Municipal Biological Reserve in Nova Xavantina, MT, aiming to make an inventory and evaluate the abundance and diversity of terrestrial mammals of medium and large size. Thus, two monthly visits were made to a 2.820 m long transect throughout 2001 to acess tracking and other evidences of mammals. Twenty-nine species were recorded in the study area, with 22 in the transect and two individual tracking sequences being quantified for calculation of Shannon-Wiener (H') abundance and diversity indices. According to the abundance indices, the species were classified as rare, common and abundant. Among other species, onça-parda (Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)) and tatu-canastra (Priodontes maximus (Keer, 1792) were classified as rare; jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)) and tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) as common; and cutia (Dasyprocta azarae (Lichtenstein, 1823)) and tapetí (Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758)) as abundant species. The H' index found was 2.40, which was considered significant. This work shows that despite being small (470 ha), the area studied plays an important role in the preservation of the mammalian fauna in the region of Nova Xavantina, MT.
segunda-feira, 27 de outubro de 2014
Primeira Circular do VIII CBMz 2015
Saiu a primeira circular sobre o VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Mastozoologia, comemorativo aos 30 anos da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia, que será realizado em João Pessoa, PB, em setembro de 2015. Clique no link e saiba mais.
sábado, 25 de outubro de 2014
Pesquisa de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em animais silvestres e em estado feral da região de Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Utilização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para detecção do agente
GIRIO, R.J.S.; PEREIRA, F.L.G.; FILHO, M.M.; MATHIAS, L.A.; HERREIRA, R.C.P.; ALESSI, A.C.; GIRIO, T.M.S. 2004. Pesquisa de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em animais silvestres e em estado feral da região de Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Utilização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para detecção do agente. Ciência Rural 34(1):165-169.
Abstract. Three hundred and fifteen serum samples of several animal species living in wild or in feral state in the area of Nhecolândia, Corumbá, MS, Brazil, were examined by the microscopic agglutination test. Of these samples, 67 were of feral bovine (Bos taurus indicus), 39 of feral pigs (Sus scrofa), 39 of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), nine of coatis (Nasua nasua), 41 of pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), 10 of brocket deer (Mazama americana) and 110 of feral sheep (Ovis aries). In 12 dead animals (six feral pigs, four pampas deer and two feral sheep), isolation attempts and leptospira identification through the immunohistochemistry were accomplished. Sixty-four (20.3%) of the samples reacted to at least one serovar of pathogenic leptospira; 41.0% of the buffaloes, 40.3% of the feral bovine, 17.9% of the feral pigs, 9% of the feral sheep, and 9.7% of the pampas deer serum samples were reactors. All the serum samples of brocket deer and of coatis were not reactors. The most frequent serovars for the studied animal species were: pomona for buffaloes and feral sheep; icterohaemorrhagiae for feral sheep, pampas deer and feral pigs; and copenhageni for pampas deer and feral pigs. The attempts of leptospira isolation resulted negative, and the immunohistochemistry analysis revealed leptospira in the liver of one feral pig. Microscopic examination of the kidney revealed vascular congestion, hemorrhage and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the interstice.
Abstract. Three hundred and fifteen serum samples of several animal species living in wild or in feral state in the area of Nhecolândia, Corumbá, MS, Brazil, were examined by the microscopic agglutination test. Of these samples, 67 were of feral bovine (Bos taurus indicus), 39 of feral pigs (Sus scrofa), 39 of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), nine of coatis (Nasua nasua), 41 of pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), 10 of brocket deer (Mazama americana) and 110 of feral sheep (Ovis aries). In 12 dead animals (six feral pigs, four pampas deer and two feral sheep), isolation attempts and leptospira identification through the immunohistochemistry were accomplished. Sixty-four (20.3%) of the samples reacted to at least one serovar of pathogenic leptospira; 41.0% of the buffaloes, 40.3% of the feral bovine, 17.9% of the feral pigs, 9% of the feral sheep, and 9.7% of the pampas deer serum samples were reactors. All the serum samples of brocket deer and of coatis were not reactors. The most frequent serovars for the studied animal species were: pomona for buffaloes and feral sheep; icterohaemorrhagiae for feral sheep, pampas deer and feral pigs; and copenhageni for pampas deer and feral pigs. The attempts of leptospira isolation resulted negative, and the immunohistochemistry analysis revealed leptospira in the liver of one feral pig. Microscopic examination of the kidney revealed vascular congestion, hemorrhage and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the interstice.
sábado, 18 de outubro de 2014
Camera-trap study of ocelot and other secretive mammals in the northern Pantanal
TROLLE, M.; KÉRY, M. 2005. Camera-trap study of ocelot and other secretive mammals in the northern Pantanal. Mammalia 69:3-4.
Abstract. Reliable information on abundance of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is scarce. We conducted the first camera-trap study in the northern part of the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil, one of the wildlife hotspots of South America. Using capture-recapture analysis, we estimated a density of 0.112 independent individuals per km² (SE 0.069). We list other mammals recorded with camera traps and show that camera-trap placement on roads or on trails has striking effects on camera-trapping rates.
Abstract. Reliable information on abundance of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is scarce. We conducted the first camera-trap study in the northern part of the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil, one of the wildlife hotspots of South America. Using capture-recapture analysis, we estimated a density of 0.112 independent individuals per km² (SE 0.069). We list other mammals recorded with camera traps and show that camera-trap placement on roads or on trails has striking effects on camera-trapping rates.
quarta-feira, 15 de outubro de 2014
Journals: Zootaxa
Zootaxa
-
Abreviatura: Zootaxa.
- Home Page: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
-
Qualis CAPES: B1 (Biodiversidade), B3 (Ciências Biológicas
II), B4 (Ciências Biológicas I e III).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Nenhuma (exceto para publicações coloridas).
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrita. A maioria dos artigos são fechados
e pagos.
-
Submissão: Por e-mail direto ao Editor-Chefe.
Zootaxa é
um periódico internacional para rápida publicação de artigos de alta qualidade
em qualquer aspecto da sistemática zoológica, com uma preferência por grandes
estudos taxonômicos como monografias e revisões. Zootaxa considera artigos em todos os táxons animais, vivos e
fósseis, e encoraja especialmente descrições de novos táxons. Todos os tipos de
artigos taxonômicos são considerados, incluindo teorias e métodos de
sistemática e filogenia, monografias taxonômicas, revisões e comentários,
catálogos/checklists, biografias e bibliografias, guias de identificação,
análise de características, relações filogenéticas e padrões zoogeográficos de
distribuição, descrições de táxons, e nomenclatura. A Zootaxa procura publicar cada artigo dentro de um mês após a
aceitação pelos editores.
Baseado no tamanho, os artigos podem ser
submetidos como artigos de pesquisa (research
articles) ou correspondências (correspondence).
sábado, 11 de outubro de 2014
Diet of two sympatric carnivores, Cerdocyon thous and Procyon cancrivorus, in a restinga area of Espirito Santo State, Brazil
GATTI, A.; BIANCHI, R.; ROSA, C.R.X.; MENDES, S.L. 2006. Diet of two sympatric carnivores, Cerdocyon thous and Procyon cancrivorus, in a restinga area of Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22:227-230.
Abstract. The description of resource sharing between sympatric species can be used to determine the factors that allow species to coexist. The feeding habits of the crab-eating fox and of the raccoon were determined on the basis of scats collected. The importance of each prey type was analysed based on the frequency of its occurrence in the scats. The data suggest that the crab-eating fox and the raccoon have basically frugivorous diets, complemented by arthropods, mainly insects, and small vertebrates.
Abstract. The description of resource sharing between sympatric species can be used to determine the factors that allow species to coexist. The feeding habits of the crab-eating fox and of the raccoon were determined on the basis of scats collected. The importance of each prey type was analysed based on the frequency of its occurrence in the scats. The data suggest that the crab-eating fox and the raccoon have basically frugivorous diets, complemented by arthropods, mainly insects, and small vertebrates.
quinta-feira, 9 de outubro de 2014
Palestra: Caught on film - Now what? New models to improve estimation of population parameters from camera trap studies
“Caught on film - Now what? New models to improve estimation of population parameters from camera trap studies”
Dra. Rahel Sollmann
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources
Data: 28 de Outubro de 2014, (Terça-feira) às 14h
Local: Salão Azul, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão
Possui PhD em Biologia pela Freie Universität Berlin, (Alemanha-2011), onde estudou sobre a ecologia e conservação da onça pintada (Panthera onca) no Cerrado. Atualmente faz Pós-Doutorado na North Carolina State University. Tem experiência na área de ecologia de carnívoros e estuda e desenvolve modelos para estimar parâmetros populacionais como densidade, taxas demográficas e uso do espaço. O foco do seu trabalho é em modelos espaciais de captura-recaptura.
Dra. Rahel Sollmann
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources
Data: 28 de Outubro de 2014, (Terça-feira) às 14h
Local: Salão Azul, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão
Possui PhD em Biologia pela Freie Universität Berlin, (Alemanha-2011), onde estudou sobre a ecologia e conservação da onça pintada (Panthera onca) no Cerrado. Atualmente faz Pós-Doutorado na North Carolina State University. Tem experiência na área de ecologia de carnívoros e estuda e desenvolve modelos para estimar parâmetros populacionais como densidade, taxas demográficas e uso do espaço. O foco do seu trabalho é em modelos espaciais de captura-recaptura.
sábado, 4 de outubro de 2014
Napoleon Bonaparte and the fate of an Amazonian rat: new data on the taxonomy of Mesomys hispidus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
ORLANDO, L.; MAUFFREY, J.-F.; CUISIN, J.; PATTON, J.L.; HÄNNI, C.; CATZEFLIS, F. 2003. Napoleon Bonaparte and the fate of an Amazonian rat: new data on the taxonomy of Mesomys hispidus (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27:113-120.
Abstract. The spiny rat Mesomys hispidus is one of many South American rodents that lack adequate taxonomic definition. The few sampled populations of this broadly distribuuted trans-Amazonian arboreal rat have come from widely separated regions and are typically highly divergent. The holotype was described in 1817 by A.-G. Desmarest, after Napoleon's army brought it to Paris following the plunder of Lisbon in 1808; however, the locality of origin has remained unknown. Here we examine the taxonomic status of this species by direct comparison of 50 extant individuals with the holotype at the morphometric and genetic levels, the latter based on 331 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene retrieved from a small skin fragment of the holotype with ancient DNA technology. Extensive sequence divergence is present among samples of M. hispidus collected from throughout its range, from French Guiana across Amazonia to Bolivia and Peru, with at least seven mitochondrial clades recognized (average divergence of 7.7% Kimura 2-parameter distance). Sequence from the holotype is, however, only weakly divergent from those of recent samples from French Guiana. Moreover, the holotype clusters with greater that 99% posterior probability with samples from this part of Amazonia in a discriminant analysis based on 22 cranial and dental measurements. Thus, we suggest that the holotype was originally obtained in eastern Amazonia north of the Amazon River, most likely in the Brazilian state of Amapá. Despite the high level of sequence diversity and marked morphological differences in size across the range of M. hispidus, we continue to regard this assemblage as a single species until additional samples and analyses suggest otherwise.
Abstract. The spiny rat Mesomys hispidus is one of many South American rodents that lack adequate taxonomic definition. The few sampled populations of this broadly distribuuted trans-Amazonian arboreal rat have come from widely separated regions and are typically highly divergent. The holotype was described in 1817 by A.-G. Desmarest, after Napoleon's army brought it to Paris following the plunder of Lisbon in 1808; however, the locality of origin has remained unknown. Here we examine the taxonomic status of this species by direct comparison of 50 extant individuals with the holotype at the morphometric and genetic levels, the latter based on 331 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene retrieved from a small skin fragment of the holotype with ancient DNA technology. Extensive sequence divergence is present among samples of M. hispidus collected from throughout its range, from French Guiana across Amazonia to Bolivia and Peru, with at least seven mitochondrial clades recognized (average divergence of 7.7% Kimura 2-parameter distance). Sequence from the holotype is, however, only weakly divergent from those of recent samples from French Guiana. Moreover, the holotype clusters with greater that 99% posterior probability with samples from this part of Amazonia in a discriminant analysis based on 22 cranial and dental measurements. Thus, we suggest that the holotype was originally obtained in eastern Amazonia north of the Amazon River, most likely in the Brazilian state of Amapá. Despite the high level of sequence diversity and marked morphological differences in size across the range of M. hispidus, we continue to regard this assemblage as a single species until additional samples and analyses suggest otherwise.
terça-feira, 30 de setembro de 2014
Journals: Acta Oecologica
Acta
Oecologica
-
Abreviatura: Acta Oecol.
- Home Page: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/acta-oecologica/
-
Qualis CAPES: B1 (Biodiversidade), B3 (Ciências Biológicas
I).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Não há.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrita. A maioria dos artigos são fechados
e pagos.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema Elsevier, com acesso na home page.
Acta
Oecologica é palco para a publicação de pesquisas originais em
ecologia. O periódico encoraja estudos em todas as áreas da ecologia, incluindo
ecologia de ecossistemas, ecologia de comunidades, ecologia de populações,
ecologia da conservação e ecologia evolutiva. Não há preconceito quanto ao
táxon, bioma ou área geográfica. Artigos teóricos e empíricos são bem-vindos,
mas combinações são particularmente visados. Prioridade é dada a artigos
baseados em hipóteses explicitamente declaradas. Acta Oecologica também aceita artigos de revisão.
A seção do fórum é reservada a artigos curtos
com discussão crítica de temas correntes na ecologia, assim como comentários e
pontos de vista em artigos publicados anteriormente. Acta Oecologica não publica revisões de livros, mas comentários
sobre novos livros são bem-vindos na seção do fórum.
sábado, 27 de setembro de 2014
The molecular phylogenetics of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys, Rodentia: Octodontidae) suggests an early burst of speciation
LESSA, E.P.; COOK, J.A. 1998. The molecular phylogenetics of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys, Rodentia: Octodontidae) suggests an early burst of speciation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(1):88-99.
Abstract. Variation in the nucleotide sequence of the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) was examined for 27 individuals representing 13 species of South American rodents of the genera Ctenomys, Octodontomys, Tympanoctomys, and Spalacopus. Representatives of the family Echimyidae, Euryzygomatomys and Mesomys, were used as outgroups to test the monophyly of the Octodontinae and Ctenomyinae. Relationships among species of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys) were also exmined including representatives of the three described subgenera and the two sperm morphs. Reciprocal monophyly of the Octodontinae and Ctenomyinae is strongly supported. Several basal relationships among species of the genus Ctenomys are poorly resolved, suggesting the possibility of a hard polytomy due to a rapid and potentially simultaneous radiation early in the history of the genus. In other cases, clades within the Ctenomyinae previously identified on the basis of allozymes, chromosomes, parasites, or skull morphology were supported. Calibrations based on the fossil record suggest that the mitochondrial cytochrome b of these caviomorphs has evolved at a rapid rate, comparable to those proposed for Mus-Rattus, and three to four times higher than ungulate rates.
Abstract. Variation in the nucleotide sequence of the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) was examined for 27 individuals representing 13 species of South American rodents of the genera Ctenomys, Octodontomys, Tympanoctomys, and Spalacopus. Representatives of the family Echimyidae, Euryzygomatomys and Mesomys, were used as outgroups to test the monophyly of the Octodontinae and Ctenomyinae. Relationships among species of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys) were also exmined including representatives of the three described subgenera and the two sperm morphs. Reciprocal monophyly of the Octodontinae and Ctenomyinae is strongly supported. Several basal relationships among species of the genus Ctenomys are poorly resolved, suggesting the possibility of a hard polytomy due to a rapid and potentially simultaneous radiation early in the history of the genus. In other cases, clades within the Ctenomyinae previously identified on the basis of allozymes, chromosomes, parasites, or skull morphology were supported. Calibrations based on the fossil record suggest that the mitochondrial cytochrome b of these caviomorphs has evolved at a rapid rate, comparable to those proposed for Mus-Rattus, and three to four times higher than ungulate rates.
sábado, 20 de setembro de 2014
A new species of Leaf-eared Mouse, genus Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from northern Peru
PACHECO, V.; RENGIFO, E.M.; VIVAS, D. 2014. A new species of Leaf-eared Mouse, genus Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from northern Peru. THERYA 5(2):481-508. doi: 10.12933/therya-14-185
Abstract.
Introduction: Leaf-eared mice, Phyllotis comprise a highly species-rich genus distributed in the Andes of South America from sea level to 5,500 m. This genus includes 15 species in three groups: andium/amicus, osilae, and darwini groups (sensu Steppan et al. 2007). We describe a new species of rodent of the genus Phyllotis from the northern Peruvian Andes, which has been mentioned in the literature as Phyllotis sp. nov. 1 or Phyllotis sp. and placed, in the context of a molecular phylogeny of Phyllotis, as member of the P. andium/amicus group (Steppan et al. 2007). We also report the standard karyotype of this species and comment on its natural history. We further identify an area of endemism in the northwestern Andes of Peru, where the new species and other sigmodontines coincide in patterns of distribution.
Methodology: The new species was in detail compared with other species of Phyllotis, mainly those of the andium/amicus group. Four external and 20 cranial and dental measurements from adult specimens were employed in descriptive statistics. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated in Phyllotis nov. sp. and P. andium using the t test. Then, to compare the new species with P. andium, all cranial and dental measurements were used in principal component analyses (PCA) of the covariance matrix of log-transformed measurements. Chromosome preparations were obtained from bone marrow, following Ford and Hamerton (1956).
Results: Phyllotis nov. sp. is distinguished from all other congeneric species by the combination of a relatively short tail and distinctive cranial morphology, including an comparatively long incisive foramen, a long palate that extends posteriorly beyond M3, mesopterygoid fossa without medial process, squamosal ridge relatively pronounced, ectotympanic large and easily visible from dorsal view, and capsular process inconspicuous or absent. The biplots of PCA show two clearly separated groups, one shaped by specimens of the new species and the other by P. andium; the new species is located mainly on the positive side of the first axis whereas P. andium on the negative side. The diploid number (2n) is 48 and the autosomal fundamental number (FN) is 72.
Discussion and conclusions: The new species of Phyllotis is endemic to the Puna ecoregion of northern Peru. This discovery supports the hypothesis of a generalized biogeographical subdivision in the Puna of northwestern Peru where the ranges of several sigmodontine species coincide in an area limited by the Río Santa, the Río Marañón, and the Huancabamba depression. Based on the presence of numerous crocentric chromosomes and the available molecular data we propose a restricted andium group to include P. andium, P. definitus, and the new species. We also summarize available data on natural history, habitat preferences, reproduction, and the systematic position of this species. The species may be threatened due to its restricted distribution, the relatively high anthropic activity in the region, and its absence in any protected area.
Abstract.
Introduction: Leaf-eared mice, Phyllotis comprise a highly species-rich genus distributed in the Andes of South America from sea level to 5,500 m. This genus includes 15 species in three groups: andium/amicus, osilae, and darwini groups (sensu Steppan et al. 2007). We describe a new species of rodent of the genus Phyllotis from the northern Peruvian Andes, which has been mentioned in the literature as Phyllotis sp. nov. 1 or Phyllotis sp. and placed, in the context of a molecular phylogeny of Phyllotis, as member of the P. andium/amicus group (Steppan et al. 2007). We also report the standard karyotype of this species and comment on its natural history. We further identify an area of endemism in the northwestern Andes of Peru, where the new species and other sigmodontines coincide in patterns of distribution.
Methodology: The new species was in detail compared with other species of Phyllotis, mainly those of the andium/amicus group. Four external and 20 cranial and dental measurements from adult specimens were employed in descriptive statistics. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated in Phyllotis nov. sp. and P. andium using the t test. Then, to compare the new species with P. andium, all cranial and dental measurements were used in principal component analyses (PCA) of the covariance matrix of log-transformed measurements. Chromosome preparations were obtained from bone marrow, following Ford and Hamerton (1956).
Results: Phyllotis nov. sp. is distinguished from all other congeneric species by the combination of a relatively short tail and distinctive cranial morphology, including an comparatively long incisive foramen, a long palate that extends posteriorly beyond M3, mesopterygoid fossa without medial process, squamosal ridge relatively pronounced, ectotympanic large and easily visible from dorsal view, and capsular process inconspicuous or absent. The biplots of PCA show two clearly separated groups, one shaped by specimens of the new species and the other by P. andium; the new species is located mainly on the positive side of the first axis whereas P. andium on the negative side. The diploid number (2n) is 48 and the autosomal fundamental number (FN) is 72.
Discussion and conclusions: The new species of Phyllotis is endemic to the Puna ecoregion of northern Peru. This discovery supports the hypothesis of a generalized biogeographical subdivision in the Puna of northwestern Peru where the ranges of several sigmodontine species coincide in an area limited by the Río Santa, the Río Marañón, and the Huancabamba depression. Based on the presence of numerous crocentric chromosomes and the available molecular data we propose a restricted andium group to include P. andium, P. definitus, and the new species. We also summarize available data on natural history, habitat preferences, reproduction, and the systematic position of this species. The species may be threatened due to its restricted distribution, the relatively high anthropic activity in the region, and its absence in any protected area.
segunda-feira, 15 de setembro de 2014
Journals: Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology
-
Abreviatura: Conserv. Biol.
-
Qualis CAPES: A1 (Biodiversidade, Ciências Biológicas I),
A2 (Ciências Biológicas II).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Não há.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrito. Apenas os artigos do fascículo
corrente são disponibilizados.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema ScholarOne Manuscripts, com acesso
na home page.
Conservation
Biology é o mais influente e frequentemente citado periódico em
sua área. O periódico publica artigos inovadores e é fundamental na definição
de questões chave, contribuindo com a ciência e a prática de conservar a
diversidade biológica da Terra.
A Conservation
Biology encoraja submissões que enfatizam questões relativas a qualquer
ecossistema da Terra ou região geográfica e que apliquem diversas abordagens
nas análises e resolução de problemas. No entanto, manuscritos com relevância
para a conservação que transcendam o ecossistema particular, espécies, ou
situações descritas serão priorizadas para publicação.
sábado, 13 de setembro de 2014
Calomys tener (Winge, 1887) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae): filling gaps
QUINTELA, F.M.; SILVEIRA, E.C.; DELLAGNESE, D.G.; CADEMARTORI, C.V. 2014. Calomys tener (Winge, 1887) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae): filling gaps. Check List 10(3):650-654. doi: 10.15560/10.3.650
Abstract. Calomys tener is a widely distributed species in Brazil. Herein we report the second record of C. tener in state of Rio Grande do Sul about 80 km northwestwards from the previous southernmost known limit in Brazil.
Abstract. Calomys tener is a widely distributed species in Brazil. Herein we report the second record of C. tener in state of Rio Grande do Sul about 80 km northwestwards from the previous southernmost known limit in Brazil.
sábado, 6 de setembro de 2014
Small mammals in the diet of Barn owls, Tyto alba (Aves: Strigiformes) along the mid-Araguaia River in central Brazil
ROCHA, R.G.; FERREIRA, E.; LEITE, Y.L.R.; FONSECA, C.; COSTA, L.P. 2011. Small mammals in the diet of Barn owls, Tyto alba (Aves: Strigiformes) along the mid-Araguaia River in central Brazil. Zoologia 282(6):709-716. doi: 10.1590/S1984-46702011000600003
Abstract. We collected and analyzed 286 Barn owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769), pellets from two nests in different environments along the mid-Araguaia River in central Brazil. Our analyses revealed that these owls feed mainly on small mammals, especially rodents. Owls from the riverbanks at Fazenda Santa Fé had a more diverse diet, preying mainly on rodents that typically inhabit riparian grasslands – Holochilus sciureus Wagner, 1842 – and forests – Hylaeamys megacephalus (Fischer, 1814) and Oecomys spp., which probably also occur in forest borders or clearings. On the other hand, owls from an agroecosystem at Fazenda Lago Verde preyed mostly on rodent species common in these agrarian fields, Calomys tocantinsi Bonvicino, Lima & Almeida, 2003. Additionally, we compared small mammal richness estimates based on the analysis of owl pellets with estimates from live-trapping in the same areas. Owl pellets revealed two rodent species undetected by live traps – Euryoryzomys sp. and Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) – and four rodent species were trapped, but not found in owl pellets – Oecomys roberti Thomas, 1904, Pseudoryzomys simplex (Winge, 1887), Rhipidomys ipukensis Rocha, B.M.A. Costa & L.P. Costa, 2011, and Makalata didelphoides (Desmarest, 1817). Traps yielded higher species richness, but these two methods complement each other for surveying small rodents
Abstract. We collected and analyzed 286 Barn owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769), pellets from two nests in different environments along the mid-Araguaia River in central Brazil. Our analyses revealed that these owls feed mainly on small mammals, especially rodents. Owls from the riverbanks at Fazenda Santa Fé had a more diverse diet, preying mainly on rodents that typically inhabit riparian grasslands – Holochilus sciureus Wagner, 1842 – and forests – Hylaeamys megacephalus (Fischer, 1814) and Oecomys spp., which probably also occur in forest borders or clearings. On the other hand, owls from an agroecosystem at Fazenda Lago Verde preyed mostly on rodent species common in these agrarian fields, Calomys tocantinsi Bonvicino, Lima & Almeida, 2003. Additionally, we compared small mammal richness estimates based on the analysis of owl pellets with estimates from live-trapping in the same areas. Owl pellets revealed two rodent species undetected by live traps – Euryoryzomys sp. and Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) – and four rodent species were trapped, but not found in owl pellets – Oecomys roberti Thomas, 1904, Pseudoryzomys simplex (Winge, 1887), Rhipidomys ipukensis Rocha, B.M.A. Costa & L.P. Costa, 2011, and Makalata didelphoides (Desmarest, 1817). Traps yielded higher species richness, but these two methods complement each other for surveying small rodents
sábado, 30 de agosto de 2014
Journals: Diversity
Diversity
-
Abreviatura: Diversity.
- Home Page: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity
-
Qualis CAPES: B5 (Biodiversidade), C (Ciências Biológicas
I).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Sim.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Acesso livre a todos os artigos.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema MDPI, com acesso na home page.
Diversity é
um periódico internacional multidisciplinar de ciências sobre conceito e
aplicação da diversidade, avaliação da diversidade e preservação da
diversidade. É focado em diversidade de organismos e molecular. Publica
revisões, artigos de pesquisas regulares e notas curtas em fascículos
regulares. Notícias relacionadas e pronunciamentos também são publicadas. O
objetivo do periódico é encorajar cientistas a publicar seus resultados experimentais
e teóricos com o máximo de detalhes possível. Portanto, não há restrição quanto
ao tamanho do artigo. Todos os detalhes experimentais devem ser fornecidos para
que os resultados possam ser reproduzidos. O periódico também possui duas
características únicas: comentários sobre quaisquer artigos publicados neste
periódico e outros periódicos podem ser publicados como cartas curtas; arquivos
eletrônicos sobre os detalhes completos dos cálculos e procedimentos
experimentais, se não for possível ser publicado de maneira normal, será
depositado como material suplementar.
As principais áreas e escopo do periódico
são: aspectos gerais da avaliação da diversidade (modelos matemáticos e métodos
computacionais); diversidade de organismos; biodiversidade, ecossistemas e
índices de diversidade; diversidade e evolução molecular; estratégias de
preservação da diversidade.
sexta-feira, 29 de agosto de 2014
EcoVirtual
Segue abaixo um e-mail que recebi a respeito do Portal EcoVirtual. Achei bem interessante a ferramenta.
Caros colegas,
Gostaríamos de convidá-lo a visitar o portal ECOVIRTUAL (http://ecovirtual.ib.usp.br), projeto que estamos desenvolvendo para o ensino de ecologia. O projeto está baseado na utilização de simulações computacionais para o aprendizado de modelos e conceitos em ecologia e matemática. São tratados temas em diferentes níveis de organização: população, metapopulações, comunidades e biogeografia, com simulações dos modelos clássicos acompanhados de roteiros. Para as simulações desenvolvemos uma interface gráfica de usuário para que possa ser utilizada por qualquer pessoa, sem a necessidade de treinamento em programação. A instalação é muito simples, veja como em: http://ecovirtual.ib.usp.br/
Nosso objetivo é que este material seja utilizado e aperfeiçoado pelo máximo de colegas, e em breve teremos uma versão em inglês para ampliar o alcance. Sintam-se à vontade para usá-lo em suas disciplinas, e agradecemos qualquer contribuição ou sugestão (envie paraecovirtualpackage@gmail.
Para maiores informações veja nossa declaração de motivação e o vídeo explicando a filosofia do projeto em http://ecovirtual.ib.usp.br/
Aproveito para convidar aqueles que querem se aventurar no aprendizado da linguagem R a visitarem o material online da nossa disciplina (http://ecologia.ib.usp.br/
Um grande abraço a todos,
Alexandre Adalardo e Paulo Inácio Prado
sábado, 16 de agosto de 2014
Cariotipo de Peromyscus grandis (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
ORDÓÑEZ-GARZA, N.; SWIER, V.J.; HANSON, J.D.; SOTERO-CAIO, C.G.; BRADLEY, R.D. 2013. Cariotipo de Peromyscus grandis (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Therya 4(3):575-580. doi: 10.12933/therya-13-122
Abstract. Peromyscus grandis is a rodent whose distribution is restricted to the mountain ranges of central Guatemala. This note represents the first report of karyotypic data for this species. The karyotype (fundamental number = 58) closely resembles karyotypes of other species of Peromyscus.
Abstract. Peromyscus grandis is a rodent whose distribution is restricted to the mountain ranges of central Guatemala. This note represents the first report of karyotypic data for this species. The karyotype (fundamental number = 58) closely resembles karyotypes of other species of Peromyscus.
sexta-feira, 15 de agosto de 2014
Journals: Austral Ecology
Austral
Ecology
- Abreviatura:
Austral Ecol.
- Qualis
CAPES: A2 (Biodiversidade), B2 (Ciências Biológicas I).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Sim.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Restrito. Vários artigos são de acesso livre,
mas alguns são restritos.
-
Submissão: Online, pelo sistema ScholarOne Manuscripts, com acesso
na home page.
Austral
Ecology é o principal periódico para ecologia básica e aplicada
no Hemisfério Sul. Como o periódico oficial da Sociedade Ecológica da Austrália
(The Ecological Society of Australia),
Austral Ecology aborda a semelhança
entre os ecossistemas na Austrália e muitas partes do sul da África, América do
Sul, Nova Zelândia e Oceania. Por exemplo muitas espécies nas biotas exclusivas
destas regiões compartilham ancestrais da Gondwana. O objetivo da Sociedade
Ecológica da Austrália é publicar pesquisas inovadoras para encorajar a
partilha de informações e experiências que enriquecem a compreensão da ecologia
do Hemisfério Sul.
Austral
Ecology publica artigos originais que descrevem estudos
experimentais, observacionais ou teóricos em sistemas terrestres, marinhos ou
de água doce, que são considerados sem viés taxonômico. Fascículos temáticos
especiais são publicados regularmente, incluindo simpósios na ecologia de
habitats estuarinos e sedimentos moles, sistemas de água doce e peixes de
recifes de coral.
sábado, 9 de agosto de 2014
New distribution records of Serra do Mar Grass Mouse Akodon serrensis Thomas, 1902 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the southernmost Brazil
ABREU, M.S.L.; CHRISTOFF, A.U.; VALIATI, V.H.; OLIVEIRA, L.R. 2014. New distribution records of Serra do Mar Grass Mouse Akodon serrensis Thomas, 1902 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the southernmost Brazil. Check List 10(3):655-659. doi: 10.15560/10.3.655
Abstract. Geographic distribution is critical information for conservation of the species. In this note we report the southernmost record of Akodon serrensis, a Neotropical terrestrial rodent endemic of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, but yet with undefined distribution limits. Two specimens surveyed in Rio Grande do Sul state were identified as A. serrensis, one by DNA analysis and other by external and cranial morphology. These records represent an expansion of nearly 177 km from the previous known limit of its southern distribution. Moreover, these new records demonstrated the importance of sampling effort in order to establish the real distribution limits of a species.
Abstract. Geographic distribution is critical information for conservation of the species. In this note we report the southernmost record of Akodon serrensis, a Neotropical terrestrial rodent endemic of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, but yet with undefined distribution limits. Two specimens surveyed in Rio Grande do Sul state were identified as A. serrensis, one by DNA analysis and other by external and cranial morphology. These records represent an expansion of nearly 177 km from the previous known limit of its southern distribution. Moreover, these new records demonstrated the importance of sampling effort in order to establish the real distribution limits of a species.
sábado, 2 de agosto de 2014
Morphometric variations of laelapine mite (Acari: Mesostigmata) populations infesting small mammals (Mammalia) in Brazil
MARTINS-HATANO, F.; GETTINGER, D.; MANHÃES, M.L.; BERGALLO, H.G. 2012. Morphometric variations of laelapine mite (Acari: Mesostigmata) populations infesting small mammals (Mammalia) in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72(3):595-603.
Abstract. The goal of this study was to evaluate the morphometric variation of laelapine populations (Acari, Mesostigmata) associated with neotropical oryzomyine rodents at different geographic localities in Brazil. Three nominal mite species were selected for study, all infesting the pelage of small mammals at different localities in Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, and the Federal District, Brazil. To analyse morphometric characteristics, thirty-seven morphological characters distributed across the whole body of each specimen were measured. We use the Analysis of Principal Components, extracting the three first axes and projecting each mite in these axes. Major species level changes in the taxonomy of the host mammals allows an independent examination of morphometric variation of mites infesting a set of distinctly different host species at different geographic localities. Gigantolaelaps vitzthumi and Laelaps differens are associated with oryzomyine rodents of the genus Cerradomys, and consistently showed a tendency to cluster by host phylogeny. Laelaps manguinhosi associated with Nectomys rattus in central Brazil is morphometrically distinct from mites infesting N. squamipes in the coastal restingas of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. The results obtained here indicate that laelapine mite populations can vary among geographic areas and among phylogenetically related host species. Clearly, the study of these mites at the population level can be an important tool for clarifying the taxonomy of both mites and hosts.
Abstract. The goal of this study was to evaluate the morphometric variation of laelapine populations (Acari, Mesostigmata) associated with neotropical oryzomyine rodents at different geographic localities in Brazil. Three nominal mite species were selected for study, all infesting the pelage of small mammals at different localities in Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia, and the Federal District, Brazil. To analyse morphometric characteristics, thirty-seven morphological characters distributed across the whole body of each specimen were measured. We use the Analysis of Principal Components, extracting the three first axes and projecting each mite in these axes. Major species level changes in the taxonomy of the host mammals allows an independent examination of morphometric variation of mites infesting a set of distinctly different host species at different geographic localities. Gigantolaelaps vitzthumi and Laelaps differens are associated with oryzomyine rodents of the genus Cerradomys, and consistently showed a tendency to cluster by host phylogeny. Laelaps manguinhosi associated with Nectomys rattus in central Brazil is morphometrically distinct from mites infesting N. squamipes in the coastal restingas of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. The results obtained here indicate that laelapine mite populations can vary among geographic areas and among phylogenetically related host species. Clearly, the study of these mites at the population level can be an important tool for clarifying the taxonomy of both mites and hosts.
sexta-feira, 1 de agosto de 2014
quinta-feira, 31 de julho de 2014
Acta Theriologica vai virar Mammal Research
O periódico Acta Theriologica vai mudar de nome. O novo nome será Mammal Research (coincidentemente muito parecido com o nome do blog - mas antes que alguém pergunte, não foi de propósito). A proposta é publicar boas revisões no primeiro fascículo, em 2015, já com o novo nome, por isso a comissão editorial e os editores associados estão buscando artigos dessa linha para publicação. Para quem tem algo de revisão, ou mesmo trabalhos práticos, é uma boa opção no momento.
quarta-feira, 30 de julho de 2014
Journals: Revista de Biología Tropical
Revista de Biología Tropical
- Qualis
CAPES: B1 (Biodiversidade), B4 (Ciências Biológicas I), B5
(Ciências Biológicas II).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Não há.
-
Idiomas: Inglês, Espanhol.
-
Disponibilidade: Acesso gratuito a todos os artigos na home
page.
-
Submissão: Por e-mail direto ao corpo editorial.
Publicado pela Universidad de Costa Rica, a Revista
de Biología Tropical (International
Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation) considera para publicação
manuscritos em todos os campos teóricos e aplicados da biologia tropical e
conservação, com uma preferência por estudos aprofundados de interesse geral,
baseado em amostras significativas, um sólido desenho experimental e uma
análise quantitativa moderna.
Publica estudos nos campos de Biomedicina,
Microbiologia, Ecologia, Invertebrados Aquáticos, Invertebrados Terrestres,
Vertebrados Aquáticos, Vertebrados Terrestres, Botânica, entre outros.
sábado, 26 de julho de 2014
Tafonomía de restos de micromamíferos recuperados del sitio arqueológico Agua de La Mula (Mendoza, Argentina) y su implicancia en la subsistencia humana
FERNÁNDEZ, F.J.; DE SANTIS, L.J.M. 2013. Tafonomía de restos de micromamíferos recuperados del sitio arqueológico Agua de La Mula (Mendoza, Argentina) y su implicancia en la subsistencia humana. Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano - Series Especiales 1(1):181-195.
Abstract. Micromammal remains from the archaeological sequence of Agua de La Mula (35º22'24,9''S, 68º15'04,2''W, south-central Mendoza, Argentina) are taphonomically studied. The remains (NISP=1026, MNE=1,026, MNI=491) were recovered from the Late Holocene layers (1,600-1,000 years C14 BP). The micromammal assemblages are composed by 10 taxa of rodents, one chiropteran and two marsupials, associated to transitional mosaic of Patagonian steppe and Monte desert environments. The absence of cut marks and the presence of few burned remains recovered from the site would indicate no human consumption. Moreover, the presence of pellets preserved in stratigraphy and light digestive corrosion on some teeth, indicate that the main accumulator agents were probably avian strigiforms. The absence of weathering, rodent marks, hydraulic transport, root action, and diagenesis, suggest a good preservation and a rapid incorporation of the material in the stratigraphic context. However, trampling, sedimentary corrosion and manganese oxide evidences were seen on the micromammal remains, indicating some episodes of humidity inside the cave. Finally, this information provided here would help us to explain the scope of the resource intensification process, proposed for the region in previous researches. In this sense, possibly this process could not have been so pronounced for that hunter-gatherers exploit the micromammals.
Abstract. Micromammal remains from the archaeological sequence of Agua de La Mula (35º22'24,9''S, 68º15'04,2''W, south-central Mendoza, Argentina) are taphonomically studied. The remains (NISP=1026, MNE=1,026, MNI=491) were recovered from the Late Holocene layers (1,600-1,000 years C14 BP). The micromammal assemblages are composed by 10 taxa of rodents, one chiropteran and two marsupials, associated to transitional mosaic of Patagonian steppe and Monte desert environments. The absence of cut marks and the presence of few burned remains recovered from the site would indicate no human consumption. Moreover, the presence of pellets preserved in stratigraphy and light digestive corrosion on some teeth, indicate that the main accumulator agents were probably avian strigiforms. The absence of weathering, rodent marks, hydraulic transport, root action, and diagenesis, suggest a good preservation and a rapid incorporation of the material in the stratigraphic context. However, trampling, sedimentary corrosion and manganese oxide evidences were seen on the micromammal remains, indicating some episodes of humidity inside the cave. Finally, this information provided here would help us to explain the scope of the resource intensification process, proposed for the region in previous researches. In this sense, possibly this process could not have been so pronounced for that hunter-gatherers exploit the micromammals.
sábado, 19 de julho de 2014
An ecology-based method for defining priorities for large mammal conservation: the tiger as case study
WIKRAMANAYAKE, E.D.; DINERSTEIN, E.; ROBINSON, J.G.; KARANTH, U.; RABINOWITZ, A.; OLSON, D.; MATHEW, T.; HEADAO, P.; CONNER, M.; HEMLEY, G.; BOLZE, D. 1998. An ecology-based method for defining priorities for large mammal conservation: the tiger as case study. Conservation Biology 12(4):865-878.
Abstract. The disappearance of large vertebrates in the tropical belt may be the next biological insult of the global extinction crisis. Large predators and their prey are at particular risk in Asia, where they are threatened by poaching and habitat loss. To facilitate the best use of limited conservation recources, we created and objective, ecology-based method for identifying priority areas for conservation that incorporates both habitat representation and landscape-level features. Using tigers as an example, our method captures the range of ecological habitats where they occur, accounting for ecological, demographic, genetic, and behavioural differences. Our analysis is hierarchical. We divided the tiger range into distinct bioregions and identified tiger habitat types within each. we then delineated tiger conservation units throughout the bioregions and ranked the units based on habitat integrity, poaching pressure, and tiger population trends. To maintain representation of tiger populations and their ecology in the different tiger habitats, we made comparisons only among tiger conservation units from the same tiger habitat types nested within the same bioregion. We identified 159 tiger conservation units in three bioregions - the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, and Southeastern Asia. We ranked the units in three categories that reflect the probability of long-term persistence of tiger populations (highest in level I units). Twenty-five tiger conservation units were classified as level I, 21 as level II, and 97 as level III. An additional 16 tiger conservation units for which little information is available were identified for immediate surveys. Levels I, II and those identified for immediate surveys are the priority areas for immediate funding and for a regional tiger conservation strategy. One feature emerging from the study showed that protected areas cover only small areas of tiger conservation units; If the long-term prospects for tiger conservation are to improve, poaching must be stopped and protected areas increased in number, linked, and buffered by natural habitats. To enhance landscape integrity, the priority tiger conservation units that straddle international borders should be managed as transboundary reserves, giving tiger conservation a stronger regional structure. Like tigers, populations of other wide-ranging mammalian carnivores and large herbivores also are declining due to poaching and loss of habitat. The method we present for tigers can be adapted readly to improve conservation strategies for these species as well.
Abstract. The disappearance of large vertebrates in the tropical belt may be the next biological insult of the global extinction crisis. Large predators and their prey are at particular risk in Asia, where they are threatened by poaching and habitat loss. To facilitate the best use of limited conservation recources, we created and objective, ecology-based method for identifying priority areas for conservation that incorporates both habitat representation and landscape-level features. Using tigers as an example, our method captures the range of ecological habitats where they occur, accounting for ecological, demographic, genetic, and behavioural differences. Our analysis is hierarchical. We divided the tiger range into distinct bioregions and identified tiger habitat types within each. we then delineated tiger conservation units throughout the bioregions and ranked the units based on habitat integrity, poaching pressure, and tiger population trends. To maintain representation of tiger populations and their ecology in the different tiger habitats, we made comparisons only among tiger conservation units from the same tiger habitat types nested within the same bioregion. We identified 159 tiger conservation units in three bioregions - the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, and Southeastern Asia. We ranked the units in three categories that reflect the probability of long-term persistence of tiger populations (highest in level I units). Twenty-five tiger conservation units were classified as level I, 21 as level II, and 97 as level III. An additional 16 tiger conservation units for which little information is available were identified for immediate surveys. Levels I, II and those identified for immediate surveys are the priority areas for immediate funding and for a regional tiger conservation strategy. One feature emerging from the study showed that protected areas cover only small areas of tiger conservation units; If the long-term prospects for tiger conservation are to improve, poaching must be stopped and protected areas increased in number, linked, and buffered by natural habitats. To enhance landscape integrity, the priority tiger conservation units that straddle international borders should be managed as transboundary reserves, giving tiger conservation a stronger regional structure. Like tigers, populations of other wide-ranging mammalian carnivores and large herbivores also are declining due to poaching and loss of habitat. The method we present for tigers can be adapted readly to improve conservation strategies for these species as well.
terça-feira, 15 de julho de 2014
Journals: Ciência Florestal
Ciência
Florestal
- Qualis
CAPES: B2 (Biodiversidade), B5 (Ciências Biológicas I).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Sim; há também taxa de submissão.
-
Idiomas: Português, Inglês, Espanhol.
-
Disponibilidade: Acesso gratuito a todos os artigos na home
page.
-
Submissão: On-line, por um sistema próprio, com acesso na home
page.
O periódico Ciência Florestal foi criado em 1991 com o objetivo de ser um
veículo de divulgação onde são publicados trabalhos técnico-científicos
relacionados à área florestal. O periódico publica artigos científicos, notas
técnicas e revisões bibliográficas relacionadas à área das ciências florestais.
sábado, 12 de julho de 2014
Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification
MEREDITH, R.W.; JANEčKA, J.E.; GATESY, J.; RYDER, O.A.; FISCHER, C.A.; TEELING, E.C.; GOODBLA, A.; EIZIRIK, E.; SIMÃO, T.L.L.; STADLER, T.; RABOSKY, D.L.; HONEYCUTT, R.L.; John J. FLYNN, J.J.; INGRAM, C.M.; STEINER, C.; WILLIAMS, T.L.; ROBINSON, T.J.; BURK-HERRICK, A.; WESTERMAN, M.; AYOUB, N.A.; SPRINGER, M.S.; William J. MURPHY, W.J. 2011. Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science 28(334):521-524.
Abstract. Previous analyses of relations, divergence times, and diversification patterns among extant mammalian families have relied on supertree methods and local molecular clocks. We constructed a molecular supermatrix for mammalian families and analyzed these data with likelihood-based methods and relaxed molecular clocks. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in a robust phylogeny with better resolution than phylogenies from supertree methods. Relaxed clock analyses support the long-fuse model of diversification and highlight the importance of including multiple fossil calibrations that are spread across the tree. Molecular time trees and diversification analyses suggest important roles for the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted interordinal and intraordinal diversification, respectively. By contrast, diversification analyses provide no support for the hypothesis concerning the delayed rise of present-day mammals during the Eocene Period.
Abstract. Previous analyses of relations, divergence times, and diversification patterns among extant mammalian families have relied on supertree methods and local molecular clocks. We constructed a molecular supermatrix for mammalian families and analyzed these data with likelihood-based methods and relaxed molecular clocks. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in a robust phylogeny with better resolution than phylogenies from supertree methods. Relaxed clock analyses support the long-fuse model of diversification and highlight the importance of including multiple fossil calibrations that are spread across the tree. Molecular time trees and diversification analyses suggest important roles for the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted interordinal and intraordinal diversification, respectively. By contrast, diversification analyses provide no support for the hypothesis concerning the delayed rise of present-day mammals during the Eocene Period.
quarta-feira, 9 de julho de 2014
sábado, 5 de julho de 2014
Use of arboreal and terrestrial space by a small mammal community in a tropical rain forest in Borneo, Malaysia
WELLS, K. PFEIFFER, M.; LAKIM, M.B.; LINSENMAIR, K.E. 2004. Use of arboreal and terrestrial space by a small mammal community in a tropical rain forest in Borneo, Malaysia. Journal of Biogeography 31:641-652.
Abstract:
Aim: Small mammals were live-trapped in a primary rain forest to evaluate the relative distribution of species to each other and to microhabitat properties on the ground and in the canopy.
Location: Kinabalu National Park in Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia.
Methods: Seven trapping sessions were conducted along two grids with 31 trap points at distances of 20 m on the ground and in the lower canopy at an average height of 13.5 m.
Results: Species diversity and abundance of small mammals proved to be high: 20 species of the families Muridae, Sciuridae, Tupaiidae, Hystricidae, Viverridae and Lorisidae were trapped, with murids being dominant in both habitat layers. The terrestrial community was significantly more diverse with 16 captured species (Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index H'terr = 2.47), while 11 species were trapped in the canopy (H'arb = 1.59). The Whitehead’s rat, Maxomys whiteheadi, and the red spiny rat, Maxomys surifer, dominated the terrestrial community whereas the large pencil-tailed tree mouse, Chiropodomys major, was by far the most abundant species in the canopy. Other abundant species of the canopy community, the dark-tailed tree rat, Niviventer cremoriventer, and the lesser treeshrew, Tupaia minor, were also abundant on the ground, and there was no clear boundary between arboreal and terrestrial species occurrences.
Main Conclusions: As most species were not confined to specific microhabitats or habitat layers, species seemed to rely on resources not necessarily restricted to certain microhabitats or habitat layers, and separation of species probably resulted mainly from a species’ concentrated activity in a preferred microhabitat rather than from principal adaptations to certain habitats. Ecological segregation was stronger in the more diverse terrestrial community, though microhabitat selection was generally not sufficient to explain the co-occurrences of species and the variability between local species assemblages. Constraints on small mammal foraging efficiency in the three-dimensional more complex canopy may be responsible for the similarity of microhabitat use of all common arboreal species. Community composition was characterized by mobile species with low persistence rates, resulting in a high degree of variability in local species assemblages with similar turnover rates in both habitats.
Abstract:
Aim: Small mammals were live-trapped in a primary rain forest to evaluate the relative distribution of species to each other and to microhabitat properties on the ground and in the canopy.
Location: Kinabalu National Park in Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia.
Methods: Seven trapping sessions were conducted along two grids with 31 trap points at distances of 20 m on the ground and in the lower canopy at an average height of 13.5 m.
Results: Species diversity and abundance of small mammals proved to be high: 20 species of the families Muridae, Sciuridae, Tupaiidae, Hystricidae, Viverridae and Lorisidae were trapped, with murids being dominant in both habitat layers. The terrestrial community was significantly more diverse with 16 captured species (Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index H'terr = 2.47), while 11 species were trapped in the canopy (H'arb = 1.59). The Whitehead’s rat, Maxomys whiteheadi, and the red spiny rat, Maxomys surifer, dominated the terrestrial community whereas the large pencil-tailed tree mouse, Chiropodomys major, was by far the most abundant species in the canopy. Other abundant species of the canopy community, the dark-tailed tree rat, Niviventer cremoriventer, and the lesser treeshrew, Tupaia minor, were also abundant on the ground, and there was no clear boundary between arboreal and terrestrial species occurrences.
Main Conclusions: As most species were not confined to specific microhabitats or habitat layers, species seemed to rely on resources not necessarily restricted to certain microhabitats or habitat layers, and separation of species probably resulted mainly from a species’ concentrated activity in a preferred microhabitat rather than from principal adaptations to certain habitats. Ecological segregation was stronger in the more diverse terrestrial community, though microhabitat selection was generally not sufficient to explain the co-occurrences of species and the variability between local species assemblages. Constraints on small mammal foraging efficiency in the three-dimensional more complex canopy may be responsible for the similarity of microhabitat use of all common arboreal species. Community composition was characterized by mobile species with low persistence rates, resulting in a high degree of variability in local species assemblages with similar turnover rates in both habitats.
segunda-feira, 30 de junho de 2014
Journals: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Memórias
do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
- Home Page: http://memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/
- Qualis
CAPES: B1 (Biodiversidade, Ciências Biológicas I), B2 (Ciências
Biológicas II e III).
- Taxa
de Publicação: Não há.
-
Idiomas: Inglês.
-
Disponibilidade: Acesso gratuito a todos os artigos na home
page.
-
Submissão: On-line, pelo sistema ScholarOne Manuscripts, com acesso
na home page.
Memórias
do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz é um periódico internacional gratuito e
de acesso livre que publica investigações originais de todo o mundo em todos os
campos da medicina tropical, parasitologia médica e microbiologia. O periódico
aprecia particularmente pesquisas originais básicas e aplicadas em bioquímica,
imunologia, biologia molecular e celular, farmacologia e genética, relacionados
a estes campos. Comunicações breves e notas técnicas também são consideradas.
Embora seja um periódico mais ligado a
medicina, pode ser uma fonte de bons estudos com mamíferos, basicamente no que
se refere à medicina e parasitologia (e.g. endo- e ecto-parasitas).
sábado, 28 de junho de 2014
Patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by non-volant small mammals in an Araucaria forest of southern Brazil
ABREU, M.S.L.; OLIVEIRA, L.R. 2014. Patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by non-volant small mammals in an Araucaria forest of southern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86(2):807-819.
Abstract. Despite the advances in the techniques for researching arboreal small mammals, detailed ecological data, such as habitat use patterns, are practically nonexistent for many species. Using 150 live-traps installed on the ground, understory (1.0-5.0m) and canopy (>5.0m) we investigated patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by small mammals in an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil (29º29’08’’S; 50º12’26’’W). We also measured 19 microhabitat variables that could potentially influence the abundance of such mammals on each trap station. The results indicated that Akodon montensis and A. serrensis were mainly terrestrial. Delomys dorsalis was also terrestrial, but it also used understory (17.24% of captures). Juliomys sp. and Gracilinanus microtarsus were the most arboreal small mammals recorded. A. montensis was associated with dense vegetation, while A. serrensis selected positively opened areas. Juliomys sp. and G. microtarsus were associated to microhabitat variables related to the access and movement within the canopy. Moreover, bromeliads on arboreal layer were an important factor for these two arboreal species. This is the first study to report microhabitat associations by Juliomys sp. and A. serrensis, and we demonstrated that vertical stratification and microhabitat use were both synergic mechanisms to determine habitat use by small mammals on the Araucaria Forest of southern Brazil.
Abstract. Despite the advances in the techniques for researching arboreal small mammals, detailed ecological data, such as habitat use patterns, are practically nonexistent for many species. Using 150 live-traps installed on the ground, understory (1.0-5.0m) and canopy (>5.0m) we investigated patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by small mammals in an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil (29º29’08’’S; 50º12’26’’W). We also measured 19 microhabitat variables that could potentially influence the abundance of such mammals on each trap station. The results indicated that Akodon montensis and A. serrensis were mainly terrestrial. Delomys dorsalis was also terrestrial, but it also used understory (17.24% of captures). Juliomys sp. and Gracilinanus microtarsus were the most arboreal small mammals recorded. A. montensis was associated with dense vegetation, while A. serrensis selected positively opened areas. Juliomys sp. and G. microtarsus were associated to microhabitat variables related to the access and movement within the canopy. Moreover, bromeliads on arboreal layer were an important factor for these two arboreal species. This is the first study to report microhabitat associations by Juliomys sp. and A. serrensis, and we demonstrated that vertical stratification and microhabitat use were both synergic mechanisms to determine habitat use by small mammals on the Araucaria Forest of southern Brazil.
Assinar:
Postagens (Atom)